Q1
Walk me through how you would design a highly available microservices architecture on AWS or GCP that spans multiple regions. What services would you use, and how would you handle data consistency and failover?
Why they ask this:* Assesses understanding of cloud architecture patterns, multi-region deployment strategies, and ability to make trade-offs between availability, consistency, and cost at a mid-level scope.
Q2
Explain the differences between containerization (Docker) and orchestration (Kubernetes). In what scenarios would you choose one approach over another, and what are the operational challenges you've encountered?
Why they ask this:* Tests practical knowledge of modern DevOps tools, understanding of when to apply each technology, and real-world troubleshooting experience relevant to daily cloud engineering work.
Q3
You need to optimize cloud costs for a company running 500+ VMs across multiple cloud providers. Walk me through your approach, tools you'd use, and specific cost-saving strategies you'd implement.
Why they ask this:* Evaluates cost optimization mindset (critical for mid-level engineers), familiarity with cloud cost analysis tools, and ability to balance performance with budgetary constraints.
Q4
Describe your experience with Infrastructure as Code (Terraform, CloudFormation, or Pulumi). How do you manage state, handle secrets, and ensure reproducibility across environments?